LispInSmallPieces/chapter3/interpreter.coffee

{listToString, listToVector, pairp, cons, car, cdr, caar, cddr, cdar, cadr, caadr, cadar, caddr, nilp, nil, setcdr, metacadr, setcar} = require "cons-lists/lists"
readline = require "readline"
{inspect} = require "util"
print = require "./print"

ntype = (node) -> car node
nvalu = (node) -> cadr node

class Value

# Represents the base class of a continuation.  Calls to invoke resume
# the contained continuation, which is typecast to one of the specific
# continuation needs of conditional, sequence, etc...
  
class Continuation
  constructor: (@k) ->
  invoke: (v, env, kont) ->
    if nilp cdr v
      resume @k, (car v)
    else
      throw "Continuations expect one argument", [v, env, kont]

# Abstract class representing the environment

class Environment
  lookup: -> throw "Nonspecific invocation"
  update: -> throw "Nonspecific invocation"

# Base of the environment stack.  If you hit this, your variable was
# never found for lookup/update.  Note that at this time in the
# class, you have not 

class NullEnv extends Environment
  lookup: -> throw "Unknown variable"
  update: -> throw "Unknown variable"

# This appears to be an easy and vaguely abstract handle to the
# environment.  The book is not clear on the distinction between the
# FullEnv and the VariableEnv.
            
class FullEnv extends Environment
  constructor: (@others, @name) ->
  lookup: (name, kont) ->
    @others.lookup name, kont
  update: (name, kont, value) ->
    @others.update name, kont, value

# This is the classic environment pair; either it's *this*
# environment, or it's a parent environment, until you hit the
# NullEnv.  Once the name has been found, the continuation is called
# with the found value.

class VariableEnv extends FullEnv
  constructor: (@others, @name, @value) ->
    lookup: (name, kont) ->
      if name == @name
        kont.resume @value
      else
        @others.lookup name, kont
    update: (nam, kont, value) ->
      if name == @name
        @value = value
        kont.resume value
      else
        @others.update name, kont, value

# "Renders the quote term to the current continuation"; in a more
# familiar parlance, calls resume in the current context with the
# quoted term uninterpreted.

evaluateQuote = (v, env, kont) ->
  kont.resume v

# Evaluates the conditional expression, creating a continuation with
# the current environment that, when resumed, evaluates either the
# true or false branch, again in the current enviornment.

evaluateIf = (exps, env, kont) ->
  evaluate (car e), env, new IfCont(kont, (cadr e), (caddr e), env)

class IfCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @ift, @iff, @env) ->
  resume: (v) -> evaluate (if v then @ift else @iff), @env, @k

# Sequences: evaluates the current expression with a continuation that
# represents "the next expression" in the sequence.  Upon resumption,
# calls this function with that next expression.

evaluateBegin = (exps, env, kont) ->
  if (pairp exps)
    if pairp (cdr exps)
      evaluate (car exps), env, (new BeginCont kont, exps, env)
    else
      evaluate (car exps), env, kont
  else
    kont.resume("Begin empty value")

class BeginCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @exps, @env) ->
  resume: (v) -> evaluateBegin (cdr @exps), @env, @k

# In this continuation, we simply pass the continuation and the name
# to the environment to look up.  The environment knows to call the
# continuation with the value.

evaluateVariable = (name, env, kont) ->
  env.lookup(name, kont)

# This is the same dance as lookup, only with the continuation being
# called after an update has been performed.

evaluateSet = (name, exp, env, kont) ->
  evaluate exp, env, (new setCont(kont, name, env)) 

class SetCont extend Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @name, @env) ->
  resume: (value) ->
    update @env, @name, @k, value

# Calls the current contunation, passing it a new function wrapper.

evaluateLambda = (names, exp, env, kont) ->
  kont.resume new Function names, exp, env

# Upon invocation, evaluates the body with a new environment that
# consists of the original names, their current values as called, and
# the continuation an the moment of invocation, which will continue
# (resume) execution once the function is finished.
#
# By the way: this is pretty much the whole the point.

class Function extends Value
  constructor: (@variables, @body, @env) ->
  invoke: (values, env, kont) ->
    evaluateBegin @body, (extend @env, @variables, values), kont

# Helper function to build name/value pairs for the current execution
# context.

extend = (env, names, values) ->
  if (pairp names) and (pairp values)
    new VariableEnv (extend env (cdr names) (cdr values)), (car names), (car values)
  else if (nilp names)
    if (nilp values) then env else throw "Arity mismatch"
  else
    new VariableEnv env, names, values

# Now we start the invocation: this is applying the function.  Let's
# take it stepwise.

# Create a function environment.  Calls the evaluateArguments(), which
# in turns goes down the list of arguments and creates a new
# environment, and then the continuation is to actually appy the nev
# environment to the existing function.

evaluateApplication = (exp, exps, env, kont) ->
  evaluate exp, env, (new EvFunCont kont, exps, env)

class EvFunCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @exp, @env) ->
  resume: (f) ->
    evaluateArguments (@exp, @k, new ApplyCont @k, f, @env)

# Evaluate the first list, creating a new list of the arguments.  Upon
# completion, resume the continuation with the gather phase

evaluateArguments = (exp, env, kont) ->
  if (pairp exp)
    evaluate (car exp), env, (new ArgumentCont kont, exp, env)
  else
    kont.resume("No more arguments")

class ArgumentCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @exp, @env) ->
  resume: (v) ->
    evaluateArguments (cdr @env, @env, new GatherCont @k, v)

# Gather the arguments as each ArgumentCont is resumed into a list to
# be passed to our next step.

class GatherCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @v) ->
  resume: (v) ->
     @k.resume (cons @v, v)

# Upon resumption, invoke the function.
    
class ApplyCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @fn, @env) ->
  resume: (v) ->
    invoke @fn, v, @env, @k

# A special continuation that represents what we want the interpreter
# to do when it's done processing.
    
class BottomCont extends Continuation
  constructor: (@k, @f) ->
  resume: (v) ->
    @f(v)
    
class Primitive extends Value
  constructor: (@name, @nativ) ->
  invoke: (args, env, kont) ->
    @nativ.apply null, (listToVector args), env, kont

evaluate = (e, env, kont) ->
  [type, exp] = [(ntype e), (nvalu e)]
  if type == "symbol"
    return evaluateVariable exp, env, kont
  if type in ["number", "string", "boolean", "vector"]
    return exp
  if type == "list"
    head = car exp
    if (ntype head) == 'symbol'
      switch (nvalu head)
        when "quote" then evaluateQuote (cdr exp), env, kont
        when "if" then evaluateIf (cdr exp), env, kont
        when "begin" then evaluateBegin (cdr exp), env, kont
        when "set!" then evaluateSet (nvalu cadr exp), (nvalu caddr exp), env, kont
        when "lambda" then evaluateLambda (astSymbolsToLispSymbols cadr exp), (cddr exp), env, kont
        evaluateApplication (car exp), (cdr exp), env, cont
    else
      evaluateApplication (car exp), (cdr exp), env, cont
  else
    throw new Error("Can't handle a #{type}")

definitial = (name, value = nil) ->
  env_init = new VariableEnv env_init, name, value
  name

defprimitive = (name, nativ, arity) ->
  definitial name, new Primitive name, (args, env, kont) ->
    vmargs = listToVector(args)
    if (vmargs.length == arity)
      kont.resume (nativ.apply null, vmargs)
    else
      throw "Incorrect arity")

the_false_value = (cons "false", "boolean")

definitial "#t", true
definitial "#f", the_false_value
definitial "nil", nil
for i in [
  "x", "y", "z", "a", "b", "c", "foo", "bar", "hux",
  "fib", "fact", "visit", "primes", "length"]
  definitial i

defpredicate = (name, nativ, arity) ->
  defprimitive name, ((a, b) -> if nativ.call(null, a, b) then true else the_false_value), arity

defprimitive "cons", cons, 2
defprimitive "car", car, 2
defprimitive "cdr", cdr, 2
defprimitive "set-cdr!", setcdr, 2
defprimitive "set-car!", setcar, 2
defprimitive "+", ((a, b) -> a + b), 2
defprimitive "*", ((a, b) -> a * b), 2
defprimitive "-", ((a, b) -> a - b), 2
defprimitive "/", ((a, b) -> a / b), 2
defpredicate "lt", ((a, b) -> a < b), 2
defpredicate "gt", ((a, b) -> a > b), 2
defpredicate "lte", ((a, b) -> a <= b), 2
defpredicate "gte", ((a, b) -> a >= b), 2
defpredicate "eq?", ((a, b) -> a == b), 2
defpredicate "pair?" ((a) -> pairp a), 1
defpredicate "nil?" ((a) -> nilp a), 1
defpredicate "symbol?" ((a) -> /\-?[0-9]+$/.test(a) == false), 1

definitial "call/cc", new Primitive "call/cc", (values, env, kont) ->
  if nilp cdr values
    (car values).invoke (cons kont), env, kont
  else
    throw "Incorrect arity for call/cc", [r, k]

definitial "apply", new Primitive "apply", (values, env, kont) ->
  if pairp cdr values
    f = car values
    args = (() ->
      (flat = (args) ->
        if nilp cdr args then (car args) else (cons (car args), (flat cdr args)))(cdr values))()
    f.invoke args, env, kont

definitial "list", new Primitive "list", (values, env, kont) ->
  (values, env, kont) -> kont.resume(values)

env_init = new NullEnv()

interpreter = (ast, kont) ->
  evaluate ast, env_init, new BottomCont null, kont
  
module.exports = intepreter