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Updated with Lesson 5: Include files for subroutines.

This commit is contained in:
Elf M. Sternberg 2018-04-30 09:09:48 -07:00
parent f0f1892c8c
commit f3603d7835
12 changed files with 247 additions and 48 deletions
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10
.gitignore vendored
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@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
*~
\#*
.\#*
hello32
hello64
counted-hello32
counted-hello64
subroutine-hello32
subroutine-hello64
hello
strlen
subroutines
includes

3
x86/Makefile
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@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ strlen: strlen.o ## Build Lesson 2: Determine length programmatically
subroutines: subroutines.o ## Build Lesson 3: Separate strlen() and puts() into subroutine.
$(LD) -m $(LINK_32) -o $@ $<
includes: includes.o ## Build Lesson 4: Separate strlen() and puts() into their own files.
$(LD) -m $(LINK_32) -o $@ $<
help: run-help ## Print this helpful message (default)
clean:

68
x86/functions.asm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
;; This is an includes file. It doesn't have its own compilation
;; capabilities. There is no namespacing in assembly language;
;; try not to use these names in your own code.
;; sys/unistd_32.h
%define SYS_write 4
%define SYS_exit 1
;; unistd.h
%define STDOUT 1
;; strlen() function. Takes eax as an argument - the pointer to
;; the initial string. Returns eax as the result - the length of
;; the string.
strlen:
push ebx ; We'll be borrowing this register, so we put its
; current value on the stack.
mov ebx, eax
;; Note that even though these have underscores to indicate that
;; outside users should not use them, they're still globally
;; accesible in this program's namespace. A user could
;; theoretically call _strlen_done from anywhere. Assembly gives
;; you ALL the opportunities to shoot yourself in the foot!
_strlen_next:
cmp byte [eax], 0
jz _strlen_done
inc eax
jmp _strlen_next
_strlen_done:
sub eax, ebx
pop ebx ; Restore the register
ret
;; Puts() function - puts a string to the console. Takes EAX as
;; its only argument - the pointer to the beginning of the string.
puts:
push edx
push ecx
push ebx
push eax
call strlen ; Uses EAX as the pointer to the beginning of the string.
; Returns EAX as the length of the string
mov edx, eax ; Move the length of the string into EDX, where WRITE expects
pop eax ; Restore EAX from the stack
push eax ; Put the value BACK on the stack.
mov ecx, eax ; Put the pointer to the message into ECX, where WRITE expects
mov ebx, STDOUT
mov eax, SYS_write
int 80h
pop eax ; Restore registers in reverse order.
pop ebx
pop ecx
pop edx
ret
;; exit(). Straight from the original.
exit_program:
mov ebx, 0
mov eax, SYS_exit
int 80h

39
x86/hello.s
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@ -1,31 +1,46 @@
;; Hello World Program #1
;; Hello World Program #2
;; Compile with: nasm -f elf hello.s
;; Link with: ld -m elf_i386 -o hello hello.o
;; Run with: ./hello
;; The following includes are derived from:
;; sys/unistd_32.h
%define SYS_write 4
%define SYS_exit 1
;; The following includes are derived from:
;; unistd.h
%define STDOUT 1
section .data
msg db "Hello You Beautiful Human", 0Ah
len equ $-msg ; NASM-supplied macro
;;; 'global' is the directive that tells the NASM the address of the
;;; first instruction to run.
section .text
global _start
section .data
msg db "Hello You Beautiful Human", 0Ah
len equ $-msg ; The $ is a NASM helper that means
; "The address of the current
; instruction. 'equ' is a NASM
; macro that performs the math and
; places in the 'len' constant the
; difference between the start of the
; current instruction and the 'msg'.
section .text
_start:
mov edx, len
mov ecx, msg ; Address of the message (not the content)
mov edx, len ; Mov the address of 'len' to register EDX
mov ecx, msg ; Mov the address of the message (not the content)
mov ebx, STDOUT ; using STDOUT (see definition above)
mov eax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 32-bit mode?
int 80h ; Interrupt target. The 'h' means 'hexidecimal'
mov eax, SYS_write ; Acesss WRITE in 32-bit Linux
int 80h ; Call the kernel to run the WRITE command.
mov ebx, 0
mov eax, SYS_exit
int 80h
;; Note that it's always register AX that we use to tell the kernel
;; what we want it to do. Depending on the kernel instruction, other
;; registers may be used to fill out the command.
mov ebx, 0 ; Mov '0' to be our exit code
mov eax, SYS_exit ; Access EXIT
int 80h ; Call the kernel to run the EXIT command.

15
x86/includes.s Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
;; Hello World Program #5: Includes
%include "functions.asm"
section .data
msg db "Cool, we can now do something like structured programming.", 0Ah, 00h
section .text
global _start
_start:
mov eax, msg ; Put the address of our message into eax.
call puts ; Calls strlen internally!
call exit_program

16
x86/strlen.s
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@ -10,11 +10,12 @@
;; unistd.h
%define STDOUT 1
global _start
section .data
msg db "Hello You Beautiful Human, You're Looking Fine Today!", 0Ah, 00h
section .text
global _start
_start:
mov ebx, msg ; Move the address of the message into ebx
@ -28,16 +29,19 @@ nextchar:
;; sub does. cmp sets flags; does sub? This is why 'jz' works,
;; because if they're equal the result of subtraction is zero.
jz counted ; Jump if the zero flag set
inc eax
jmp nextchar
inc eax ; Increment the counter
jmp nextchar ; Jump to the beginning of the loop
counted:
sub eax, ebx ; Subtract the end from the start, and the result goes into the start
sub eax, ebx ; Subtract the end from the start, and
; the result goes into the start
mov edx, eax ; syswrite needs that register for something
; else! Man, picking registers is hard.
mov edx, eax ; syswrite needs that register for something else! Man, picking registers is hard.
mov ecx, msg ; Address of the message (not the content)
mov ebx, STDOUT ; using STDOUT (see definition above)
mov eax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 32-bit mode?
mov eax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 32-bit mode.
int 80h ; Interrupt target. The 'h' means 'hexidecimal'
mov ebx, 0

3
x86/subroutines.s
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@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ _start:
call exit
strlen:
; will probably want its state restored correctly, right?
mov edx, ecx
strlen_next:
@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ strlen_next:
jmp strlen_next
strlen_done:
sub edx, ecx ; Straight from the counted-hello file
sub edx, ecx ; Straight from the strlen file
ret
;; Takes EAX as the address of the message and EDX as the

3
x86_64/Makefile
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@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ strlen: strlen.o ## Build Lesson 2: Determine length programmatically
subroutines: subroutines.o ## Build Lesson 3: Separate strlen() and puts() into subroutine.
$(LD) -m $(LINK_64) -o $@ $<
includes: includes.o ## Build Lesson 4: Separate strlen() and puts() into their own files.
$(LD) -m $(LINK_64) -o $@ $<
help: run-help ## Print this helpful message (default)
clean:

64
x86_64/functions.asm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
;; This is an includes file. It doesn't have its own compilation
;; capabilities. There is no namespacing in assembly language;
;; try not to use these names in your own code.
;; sys/unistd_32.h
%define SYS_write 1
%define SYS_exit 60
;; unistd.h
%define STDOUT 1
;; strlen() function. Takes rdx as an argument - the pointer to
;; the initial string. Returns rdx as the result - the length of
;; the string.
strlen:
push rsi
mov rsi, rdx
strlen_next:
cmp byte [rdx], 0
jz strlen_done
inc rdx
jmp strlen_next
strlen_done:
sub rdx, rsi
pop rsi
ret
;; puts() function - puts a string to the console. Takes RSI as
;; its only argument - the pointer to the beginning of the string.
puts:
push rdx ; RDX (data) is used as the length of the message
push rax ; RAX is the instruction to WRITE
push rdi ; RDI (destination) is used as an instruction to WRITE
mov rdx, rsi
call strlen
;; Because I chose to use RDX as the target for strlen, I don't need to
;; do the pop/push dance as I did in the 32-bit version.
mov rdi, STDOUT ; using STDOUT (see definition above)
mov rax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 32-bit mode?
syscall
;; Likewise, because I chose RSI as the Source (pointer) to my
;; message, it remains unchanged during the lifetime of this
;; routine (unless there are any bugs in strlen) and I don't
;; have to restore it either.
pop rdi
pop rax
pop rdx
ret
;; exit(). Straight from the original.
exit_program:
mov rdi, 0
mov rax, SYS_exit
syscall

41
x86_64/hello.s
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@ -1,30 +1,45 @@
;; Hello World Program #1
;; Hello World Program #2
;; Compile with: nasm -f elf64 hello.s
;; Link with: ld -o hello hello.o
;; Link with: ld -m elf_x86_64 -o hello hello.o
;; Run with: ./hello
;; The following includes are derived from:
;; sys/unistd_64.h
%define SYS_write 1
%define SYS_exit 60
;; The following includes are derived from:
;; unistd.h
%define STDOUT 1
section .data
msg db "Hello You Beautiful Human", 0Ah
len equ $-msg ; NASM-supplied macro
;;; 'global' is the directive that tells the NASM the address of the
;;; first instruction to run.
section .text
global _start
section .data
msg db "Hello You Beautiful Human", 0Ah
len equ $-msg ; The $ is a NASM helper that means
; "The address of the current
; instruction. 'equ' is a NASM
; macro that performs the math and
; places in the 'len' constant the
; difference between the start of the
; current instruction and the 'msg'.
section .text
_start:
mov rdx, len ; Length of the message
mov rsi, msg ; Address of the message
mov rdx, len ; Mov the address of 'len' to register RDX
mov rsi, msg ; Mov the address of the message to RSI (Source Index)
mov rdi, STDOUT ; using STDOUT (see definition above)
mov rax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 32-bit mode?
syscall
mov rax, SYS_write ; Access WRITE in 64-bit linux
syscall ; Call the kernel to run the WRITE command.
mov rdi, 0
mov rax, SYS_exit
syscall
;; Note that it's always register AX that we use to tell the kernel
;; what we want it to do. Depending on the kernel instruction, other
;; registers may be used to fill out the command.
mov rdi, 0 ; Mov '0' to be our exit code
mov rax, SYS_exit ; Access the exit command
syscall ; Call the kernel to run the EXIT command.

14
x86_64/includes.s Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
;; Hello World Program #5: Includes
%include "functions.asm"
section .data
msg db "Cool, we can now do something like structured programming - 64 bit version.", 0Ah, 00h
section .text
global _start
_start:
mov rsi, msg ; Put the address of our message into eax.
call puts ; Calls strlen internally!
call exit_program

23
x86_64/strlen.s
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
;; Hello World Program #1
;; Compile with: nasm -f elf64 hello.s
;; Link with: ld -o hello hello.o
;; Run with: ./hello
;; Hello World Program #3
;; Compile with: nasm -f elf64 strlen.s
;; Link with: ld -o strlen strlen.o
;; Run with: ./strlen
;; sys/unistd_64.h
%define SYS_write 1
@ -10,19 +10,20 @@
;; unistd.h
%define STDOUT 1
global _start
section .data
msg db "Hello You Beautiful Human, You're Looking Mighty Fine!", 0Ah, 00h
section .text
global _start
section .text
_start:
mov rsi, msg ; Move the address of the message into rsi
mov rax, rsi ; Move the address of the message into rax
; (Register-to-register copying is faster that a constant!)
nextchar:
cmp byte [rax], 0 ; Compare the byte pointed to by eax with zero
cmp byte [rax], 0 ; Compare the byte pointed to by rax with zero
;; Small detail: cmp and sub use the same internal architecture,
@ -30,16 +31,16 @@ nextchar:
;; sub does. cmp sets flags; does sub? This is why 'jz' works,
;; because if they're equal the result of subtraction is zero.
jz counted ; Jump if the zero flag set
inc rax
jmp nextchar
inc rax ; Increment rax by 1
jmp nextchar ; Jump to the beginning of the loop
counted:
sub rax, rsi ; Substract source from endpointer, leaving counter
mov rdx, rax ; Length of the message
mov rsi, msg ; Address of the message
mov rdi, STDOUT ; using STDOUT (see definition above)
mov rax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 32-bit mode?
syscall
mov rax, SYS_write ; Using WRITE in 64-bin mode.
syscall ; Call the kernel
mov rdi, 0
mov rax, SYS_exit